Parallel structure for lists

Please check the examples in ‘Use structure to make it readable: bullet lists’. 

The items in each list:

  • match the style of the lead-in
  • start with the same type of word (e.g. noun or verb)
  • have the same tense (e.g. past, present or future)
  • are the same type of sentence (e.g. question or statement).

This is called ‘parallel structure’ and it’s very important. It ensures that list items flow logically from the lead-in. And it shows that each item in the list is the same kind of thing. Parallel structure makes lists easier to read.

Correct

When Fred is fed up, he:

  • stays in bed
  • calls his friends
  • goes dancing.

Incorrect

When Fred is fed up:

  • he stayed in bed
  • he calls his friends
  • dancing might be the cure.

Repetition

A parallel structure doesn’t mean using the same word to start each list item.

Example

I relax:
  • by bushwalking
  • by watching movies.

If you find yourself doing this, move the repeated word up to the lead-in.

Example

I relax by:
  • bushwalking
  • watching movies.

Final word

If you only have one item, you don’t need a list.

Style Manual pages

About this page

This page was updated Thursday 19 December 2024.

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